Black Health
Glossary

A1C

Also known as: Hemoglobin A1C, HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin

Medically reviewed — last updated

The A1C test (also called HbA1c) measures your average blood sugar level over the past two to three months by measuring the percentage of hemoglobin with glucose attached. For most people with diabetes, a target A1C below 7% is associated with reduced risk of complications.

Important limitation for Black patients: Research has raised concerns that A1C may overestimate blood sugar control in Black Americans due to a genetic variant. This means some Black patients may receive falsely elevated A1C readings. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may provide more accurate information. Discuss this with your clinician.

Medical Disclaimer

This glossary entry is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition.