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Glossary

Episiotomy

Also known as: Perineal incision

Medically reviewed, last updated

An episiotomy is a surgical cut made in the perineum (the tissue between the vagina and anus) during the final stage of vaginal birth. Routine episiotomy was standard US obstetric practice through the 1970s but evidence-based guidelines now recommend restricted use only, performed when specific complications arise during delivery.

Black mothers experience higher rates of episiotomy than white mothers in US hospitals, even after controlling for indication, a documented obstetric racial disparity.

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Medical Disclaimer

This glossary entry is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition.