IVF (in vitro fertilization)

IVF is a fertility treatment where eggs are retrieved from the ovaries, fertilized with sperm in a laboratory, and the resulting embryos transferred to the uterus. A single IVF cycle costs $12,000-$25,000+ before medications; insurance coverage varies widely.

Black women have lower IVF success rates and are less likely to access IVF than white women, driven by both access disparities and biological differences in fibroid prevalence, endometriosis under-diagnosis, and tubal-factor infertility patterns. Some employer benefits (Maven Clinic) now include IVF; state-mandated IVF coverage is expanding.