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Glossary

PCOS

Also known as: Polycystic ovary syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome

Medically reviewed, last updated

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women and people assigned female at birth, affecting an estimated 8 to 13% of reproductive-age women worldwide. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, elevated androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound.

PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, a particularly important connection for Black women, who already face elevated diabetes risk.

Common misconception: You must have polycystic ovaries on ultrasound to have PCOS. In fact, diagnosis requires meeting at least two of three criteria: irregular ovulation, elevated androgens, or polycystic appearance on ultrasound.

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Medical Disclaimer

This glossary entry is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition.