Medication Reference
Medications A-Z
A library of drug guides focused on a single question: how is this medication different for Black patients? Every page leads with the published evidence, cites FDA labels and professional-society guidelines, and flags uncertainty where the research is mixed or absent.
Drug class
Used for
Albuterol
Short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA)Brand: ProAir, Proventil, Ventolin; salbutamol (international)
Albuterol is one of the most consequential examples of race-specific pharmacogenomics in asthma:Pharmacogenomics. The ADRB2 gene encodes the beta-2 receptor. The Arg16Gly …
View guideBudesonide/Formoterol
Inhaled corticosteroid + long-acting beta-2 agonist (ICS + LABA)Brand: Symbicort, Breyna
Symbicort SMART has several advantages relevant to Black patients with asthma:Lower total beta-agonist exposure. SMART therapy reduces total SABA use compared to …
View guideFluticasone/Salmeterol
Inhaled corticosteroid + long-acting beta-2 agonist (ICS + LABA)Brand: Advair Diskus, Advair HFA, Wixela, AirDuo
Advair's Black-patient evidence base is mixed and politically fraught:SMART trial (Nelson et al., Chest 2006;129:15–26, PMID 16424409) raised concerns that salmeterol alone …
View guideMontelukast
Leukotriene receptor antagonistBrand: Singulair
Montelukast is modestly effective in asthma — less so than an ICS. GINA and NAEPP guidelines generally position it as a second-line …
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