Medication Reference
Medications A-Z
A library of drug guides focused on a single question: how is this medication different for Black patients? Every page leads with the published evidence, cites FDA labels and professional-society guidelines, and flags uncertainty where the research is mixed or absent.
Drug class
Used for
C
Carvedilol
Beta blocker (non-selective with alpha-1 blockade)Brand: Coreg, Coreg CR
Heart failure, Post-MI, Hypertension
Carvedilol has the most favorable evidence base for Black patients with heart failure among beta blockers. The COPERNICUS trial (Packer et al., …
View guideClopidogrel
P2Y12 platelet inhibitor (thienopyridine)Brand: Plavix
Post-MI, Post-stent, Stroke prevention (lacunar), PAD
Clopidogrel has one of the most clinically significant pharmacogenomic stories in cardiology, with important race implications:CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles (*2 and *3) reduce …
View guideAtenolol
Beta blockerBrand: Tenormin
Beta blockers, including atenolol, are not recommended as first-line therapy for uncomplicated hypertension in any adult — Black or non-Black — per …
View guideCarvedilol
Beta blocker (non-selective with alpha-1 blockade)Brand: Coreg, Coreg CR
Carvedilol has the most favorable evidence base for Black patients with heart failure among beta blockers. The COPERNICUS trial (Packer et al., …
View guideClopidogrel
P2Y12 platelet inhibitor (thienopyridine)Brand: Plavix
Clopidogrel has one of the most clinically significant pharmacogenomic stories in cardiology, with important race implications:CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles (*2 and *3) reduce …
View guideLisinopril
ACE inhibitorBrand: Prinivil, Zestril, Qbrelis
The 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline (Whelton et al., Hypertension 2018;71:e13–e115) recommends that Black adults without chronic kidney disease be started on a …
View guideMetoprolol
Beta blockerBrand: Lopressor (tartrate), Toprol XL (succinate)
Metoprolol is not first-line for uncomplicated hypertension in Black adults, for the same reasons as atenolol. But it is a first-line drug …
View guideNo medications match your search.